Sabotage varies from highly technical *coup de main* acts that require
detailed planning and the use of specially-trained operatives, to
innumerab= le simple acts which the ordinary individual citizen-saboteur
can perform. Thi= s paper is primarily concerned with the latter type.
Simple sabotage does not require specially prepared tools or equipment;
it is executed by an ordinar= y citizen who may or may not act
individually and without the necessity for active connection with an
organized group; and it is carried out in such a = way as to involve a
minimum danger of injury, detection, and reprisal.

Where destruction is involved, the weapons of the citizen-saboteur are
salt= , nails, candles, pebbles, thread, or any other materials he might
normally b= e expected to possess as a householder or as a worker in his
particular occupation. His arsenal is the kitchen shelf, the trash pile,
his own usual= kit of tools and supplies. The targets of his sabotage
are usually objects to w= hich he has normal and inconspicuous access in
everyday life.

A second type of simple sabotage requires no destructive tools
whatsoever a= nd produces physical damage, if any, by highly indirect
means. It is based on universal opportunities to make faulty decisions,
to adopt a noncooperative attitude, and to induce others to follow suit.
Making a faulty decision may= be simply a matter of placing tools in one
spot instead of another. A non-cooperative attitude may involve nothing
more than creating an unpleasa= nt situation among one=E2=80=99s fellow
workers, engaging in bickerings, or displaying surliness and stupidity.

This type of activity, sometimes referred to as the =E2=80=9Chuman
element,=E2=80=9D is frequently responsible for accidents, delays, and
gene= ral obstruction even under normal conditions. The potential
saboteur should discover what types of faulty decisions and the
operations are

normally\<= /i\> found in this kind of work and should then devise his
sabotage so as to enl= arge that =E2=80=9Cmargin for error.=E2=80=9D
:::

::: 3D"chapter"
## []{#3D\"chap02\"}2. POSSIBLE EFFECTS

Acts of simple sabotage are occurring throughout Europe. An effort
should b= e made to add to their efficiency, lessen their detectability,
and increase t= heir number. Acts of simple sabotage, multiplied by
thousands of citizen-saboteu= rs, can be an effective weapon against the
enemy. Slashing tires, draining fuel tanks, starting fires, starting
arguments, acting stupidly, short-circuitin= g electric systems,
abrading machine parts will waste materials, manpower, an= d time.
Occurring on a wide scale, simple sabotage will be a constant and
tangible drag on the war effort of the enemy.

Simple sabotage may also have secondary results of more or less value.
Widespread practice of simple sabotage will harass and demoralize enemy
administrators and police. Further, success may embolden the
citizen-sabote= ur eventually to find colleagues who can assist him in
sabotage of greater dimensions. Finally, the very practice of simple
sabotage by natives in ene= my or occupied territory may make these
individuals identify themselves active= ly with the United Nations war
effort, and encourage them to assist openly in periods of Allied
invasion and occupation.
:::

::: 3D"chapter"
## []{#3D\"chap03\"}3. MOTIVATING THE SABOTEUR

To incite the citizen to the active practice of simple sabotage and to
keep= him practicing that sabotage over sustained periods is a special
problem.

Simple sabotage is often an act which the citizen performs according to
his= own initiative and inclination. Acts of destruction do not bring
him any person= al gain and may be completely foreign to his habitually
conservationist attitu= de toward materials and tools. Purposeful
stupidity is contrary to human natur= e. He frequently needs pressure,
stimulation or assurance, and information and suggestions regarding
feasible methods of simple sabotage.

\(1\) *Personal Motives*

\(a\) The ordinary citizen very probably has no immediate personal
motive for committing simple sabotage. Instead, he must be made to
anticipate indirect personal gain, such as might come with enemy
evacuation or destruction of t= he ruling government group. Gains should
be stated as specifically as possible= for the area addressed: simple
sabotage will hasten the day when Commissioner X= and his deputies Y and
Z will be thrown out, when particularly obnoxious decree= s and
restrictions will be abolished, when food will arrive, and so on. Abstr=
act verbalizations about personal liberty, freedom of the press, and so
on, wil= l not be convincing in most parts of the world. In many areas
they will not e= ven be comprehensible.

\(b\) Since the effect of his own acts is limited, the saboteur may
become discouraged unless he feels that he is a member of a large,
though unseen, group of saboteurs operating against the enemy or the
government of his own country and elsewhere. This can be conveyed
indirectly: suggestions which h= e reads and hears can include
observations that a particular technique has be= en successful in this
or that district. Even if the technique is not applicabl= e to his
surroundings, another=E2=80=99s success will encourage him to attempt s=
imilar acts. It also can be conveyed directly: statements praising the
effectivene= ss of simple sabotage can be contrived which will be
published by white radio, freedom stations, and the subversive press.
Estimates of the proportion of = the population engaged in sabotage can
be disseminated. Instances of successful sabotage already are being
broadcast by white radio and freedom stations, a= nd this should be
continued and expanded where compatible with security.

\(c\) More important than (a) or (b) would be to create a situation in
which = the citizen-saboteur acquires a sense of responsibility and
begins to educate others in simple sabotage.

\(2\) *Encouraging Destructiveness*

It should be pointed out to the saboteur where the circumstances are
suitab= le, that he is acting in self-defense against the enemy, or
retaliating against= the enemy for other acts of destruction. A
reasonable amount of humor in the presentation of suggestions for simple
sabotage will relax tensions of fear= .

\(a\) The saboteur may have to reverse his thinking, and he should be
told th= is in so many words. Where he formerly thought of keeping his
tools sharp, he should now let them grow dull; surfaces that formerly
were lubricated now should be sanded; normally diligent, he should now
be lazy and careless; an= d so on. Once he is encouraged to think
backwards about himself and the objects = of his everyday life, the
saboteur will see many opportunities in his immediat= e environment
which cannot possibly be seen from a distance. A state of mind should be
encouraged that anything can be sabotaged.

\(b\) Among the potential citizen-saboteurs who are to engage in
physical destruction, two extreme types may be distinguished. On the one
hand, there= is the man who is not technically trained and employed.
This man needs specifi= c suggestions as to what he can and should
destroy as well as details regardi= ng the tools by means of which
destruction is accomplished.

\(c\) At the other extreme is the man who is a technician, such as a
lathe operator or an automobile mechanic. Presumably this man would be
able to de= vise methods of simple sabotage which would be appropriate
to his own facilities= . However, this man needs to be stimulated to
re-orient his thinking in the direction of destruction. Specific
examples, which need not be from his own field, should accomplish this.

\(d\) Various media may be used to disseminate suggestions and
information regarding simple sabotage. Among the media which may be
used, as the immedi= ate situation dictates, are: freedom stations or
radio false (unreadable) broadcasts or leaflets may be directed toward
specific geographic or occupational areas, or they may be general in
scope. Finally, agents may be trained in the art of simple sabotage, in
anticipation of a time when they = may be able to communicate this
information directly.

\(3\) *Safety Measures*

\(a\) The amount of activity carried on by the saboteur will be governed
not = only by the number of opportunities he sees, but also by the
amount of danger he feels. Bad news travels fast, and simple sabotage
will be discouraged if to= o many simple saboteurs are arrested.

\(b\) It should not be difficult to prepare leaflets and other media for
the saboteur about the choice of weapons, time, and targets which will
insure t= he saboteur against detection and retaliation. Among such
suggestions might be= the following:

\(1\) Use materials which appear to be innocent. A knife or a nail file
can b= e carried normally on your person; either is a multi-purpose
instrument for creating damage. Matches, pebbles, hair, salt, nails, and
dozens of other destructive agents can be carried or kept in your living
quarters without exciting any suspicion whatever. If you are a worker in
a particular trade = or industry you can easily carry and keep such
things as wrenches, hammers, em= ery paper, and the like.

\(2\) Try to commit acts for which large numbers of people could be
responsib= le. For instance, if you blow out the wiring in a factory at
a central fire box= , almost anyone could have done it. On-the-street
sabotage after dark, such a= s you might be able to carry out against a
military car or truck, is another example of an act for which it would
be impossible to blame you.

\(3\) Do not be afraid to commit acts for which you might be blamed
directly,= so long as you do so rarely, and as long as you have a
plausible excuse: you dropped your wrench across an electric circuit
because an air raid had kept= you up the night before and you were
half-dozing at work. Always be profuse in = your apologies. Frequently
you can =E2=80=9Cget away=E2=80=9D with such acts und= er the cover of
pretending stupidity, ignorance, over-caution, fear of being suspe= cted
of sabotage, or weakness and dullness due to undernourishment.

\(4\) After you have committed an act of easy sabotage, resist any
temptation= to wait around and see what happens. Loiterers arouse
suspicion. Of course, th= ere are circumstances when it would be
suspicious for you to leave. If you comm= it sabotage on your job, you
should naturally stay at your work.
:::

::: 3D"chapter"
## []{#3D\"chap04\"}4. TOOLS, TARGETS, AND TIMING

The citizen-saboteur cannot be closely controlled. Nor is it reasonable
to expect that simple sabotage can be precisely concentrated on specific
types= of target according to the requirements of a concrete military
situation. Atte= mpts to control simple sabotage according to developing
military factors, moreov= er, might provide the enemy with intelligence
of more or less value in anticipa= ting the date and area of notably
intensified or notably slackened military activity.

Sabotage suggestions, of course, should be adapted to fit the area where
th= ey are to be practiced. Target priorities for general types of
situations like= wise can be specified, for emphasis at the proper time
by the underground press, freedom stations, and cooperating propaganda.

\(1\) *Under General Conditions*

\(a\) Simple sabotage is more than malicious mischief, and it should
always consist of acts whose results will be detrimental to the
materials and manp= ower of the enemy.

\(b\) The saboteur should be ingenious in using his every-day equipment.
All sorts of weapons will present themselves if he looks at his
surroundings in= a different light. For example, emery dust=E2=80=94a
powerful weapon=E2=80=94= may at first seem unobtainable, but if the
saboteur were to pulverize an emery knife sharpener or emery whe= el
with a hammer, he would find himself with a plentiful supply.

\(c\) The saboteur should never attack targets beyond his capacity or
the capacity of his instruments. An inexperienced person should not, for
exampl= e, attempt to use explosives, but should confine himself to the
use of matches= or other familiar weapons.

\(d\) The saboteur should try to damage only objects and materials known
to b= e in use by the enemy or to be destined for early use by the
enemy. It will be s= afe for him to assume that almost any product of
heavy industry is destined for enemy use, and that the most efficient
fuels and lubricants also are destin= ed for enemy use. Without special
knowledge, however, it would be undesirable = for him to attempt
destruction of food crops or food products.

\(e\) Although the citizen-saboteur may rarely have access to military
object= s, he should give these preference above all others.

\(2\) *Prior to a Military Offensive*

During periods which are quiescent in a military sense, such emphasis as
ca= n be given to simple sabotage might well center on industrial
production, to les= sen the flow of materials and equipment to the
enemy. Slashing a rubber tire on= an Army truck may be an act of value;
spoiling a batch of rubber in the produc= tion plant is an act of still
more value.

\(3\) *During a Military Offensive*

\(a\) Most significant sabotage for an area which is, or is soon
destined to = be, a theater of combat operations is that whose effects
will be direct and immediate. Even if the effects are relatively minor
and localized, this typ= e of sabotage is to be preferred to activities
whose effects, while widespread, = are indirect and delayed.

\(1\) The saboteur should be encouraged to attack transportation
facilities o= f all kinds.

Among such facilities are roads, railroads, auto mobiles, trucks,
motor-cyc= les, bicycles, trains, and trams.

\(2\) Any communications facilities which can be used by the authorities
to transmit instructions or morale material should be the objects of
simple sabotage. These include telephone, telegraph and power systems,
radio, newspapers, placards, and public notices.

\(3\) Critical materials, valuable in themselves or necessary to the
efficien= t functioning of transportation and communication, also should
become targets= for the citizen-saboteur. These may include oil,
gasoline, tires, food, and wat= er.
:::

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::: 3D"chapter"
## []{#3D\"chap05\"}5. SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS FOR SIMPLE SABOTAGE

It will not be possible to evaluate the desirability of simple sabotage
in = an area without having in mind rather specifically what individual
acts and results are embraced by the definition of simple sabotage.

A listing of specific acts follows, classified according to types of
target= . This list is presented as a growing rather than a complete
outline of the methods of simple sabotage. As new techniques are
developed, or new fields explored, it will be elaborated and expanded.

\(1\) *Buildings*

Warehouses, barracks, offices, hotels, and factory buildings are
outstandin= g targets for simple sabotage. They are extremely
susceptible to damage, especially by fire; they offer opportunities to
such untrained people as janitors, charwomen, and casual visitors; and,
when damaged, they present a relatively large handicap to the enemy.

\(a\) *Fires* can be started wherever there is an accumulation of
inflammable material. Warehouses are obviously the most promising
targets b= ut incendiary sabotage need not be confined to them alone.

\(1\) Whenever possible, arrange to have the fire start after you have
gone a= way. Use a candle and paper, combination, setting it as close as
possible to the inflammable material you want to burn: From a sheet of
paper, tear a strip three or four centimeters wide and wrap it around
the base of the candle tw= o or three times. Twist more sheets of paper
into loose ropes and place them aro= und the base of the candle. When
the candle flame reaches the encircling strip,= it will be ignited and
in turn will ignite the surrounding paper. The size, he= at, and
duration of the resulting flame will depend on how much paper you use a=
nd how much of it you can cramp in a small space.

\(2\) With a flame of this kind, do not attempt to ignite any but rather
inflammable materials, such as cotton sacking. To light more resistant
materials, use a candle plus tightly rolled or twisted paper which has
been soaked in gasoline. To create a briefer but even hotter flame, put
celluloi= d such as you might find in an old comb, into a nest of plain
or saturated pa= per which is to be fired by a candle.

\(3\) To make another type of simple fuse, soak one end of a piece of
string = in grease. Rub a generous pinch of gunpowder over the inch of
string where gre= asy string meets clean string. Then ignite the clean
end of the string. It will burn slowly without a flame (in much the same
way that a cigarette burns) u= ntil it reaches the grease and gunpowder;
it will then flare up suddenly. The grease-treated string will then burn
with a flame. The same effect may be achieved by using matches instead
of the grease and gunpowder. Run the stri= ng over the match heads,
taking care that the string is not pressed or knotted= . They too will
produce a sudden flame. The advantage of this type of fuse is that
string burns at a set speed. You can time your fire by the length and
thickness of the string you chose.

\(4\) Use a fuse such as; the ones suggested above to start a fire in an
offi= ce after hours. The destruction of records and other types of
documents would = be a serious handicap to the enemy.

\(5\) In basements where waste is kept, janitors should accumulate oily
and greasy waste. Such waste sometimes ignites spontaneously, but it can
easily= be lit with a cigarette or match. If you are a janitor on night
duty, you can = be the first to report the fire, but don=E2=80=99t
report it too soon.

\(6\) A clean factory is not susceptible to fire, but a dirty one is.
Workers should be careless with refuse and janitors should be
inefficient in cleani= ng. If enough dirt and trash can be accumulated
an otherwise fireproof building will become inflammable.

\(7\) Where illuminating gas is used in a room which is vacant at night,
shut= the windows tightly, turn on the gas, and leave a candle burning
in the room, closing the door tightly behind you. After a time, the gas
will explode, an= d a fire may or may not follow.

\(b\) *Water and miscellaneous*

\(1\) Ruin warehouse stock by setting the automatic sprinkler system to
work.= You can do this by tapping the sprinkler heads sharply with a
hammer or by hold= ing a match under them.

\(2\) Forget to provide paper in toilets; put tightly rolled paper,
hair, and other obstructions in the W. C. Saturate a sponge with a thick
starch or su= gar solution. Squeeze it tightly into a ball, wrap it with
string, and dry. Rem= ove the string when fully dried. The sponge will
be in the form of a tight hard ball. Flush down a

W. C. or otherwise introduce into a sewer line. The sponge will
gradually expand to its normal size and plug the sewage system.

\(3\) Put a coin beneath a bulb in a public building during the daytime,
so t= hat fuses will blow out when lights are turned on at night. The
fuses themselve= s may be rendered ineffective by putting a coin behind
them or loading them w= ith heavy wire. Then a short-circuit may either
start a fire, damage transforme= rs, or blow out a central fuse which
will interrupt distribution of electricity= to a large area.

\(4\) Jam paper, bits of wood, hairpins, and anything else that will
fit, int= o the locks of all unguarded entrances to public buildings.

\(2\) *Industrial Production: Manufacturing*

\(a\) Tools

\(1\) Let cutting tools grow dull. They will be inefficient, will slow
down production, and may damage the materials and parts you use them on.

\(2\) Leave saws slightly twisted when you are not using them. After a
while, they will break when used.

\(3\) Using a very rapid stroke will wear out a file before its time. So
will dragging a file in slow strokes under heavy pressure. Exert
pressure on the backward stroke as well as the forward stroke.

\(4\) Clean files by knocking them against the vise or the workpiece;
they ar= e easily broken this way.

\(5\) Bits and drills will snap under heavy pressure.

\(6\) You can put a press punch out of order by putting in it more
material t= han it is adjusted for=E2=80=94two blanks instead of one,
for example.

\(7\) Power-driven tools like pneumatic drills, riveters, and so on, are
neve= r efficient when dirty. Lubrication points and electric contacts
can easily b= e fouled by normal accumulations of dirt or the insertion
of foreign matter.

\(b\) Oil and lubrication systems are not only vulnerable to easy
sabotage, b= ut are critical in every machine with moving parts.
Sabotage of oil and lubrication will slow production or stop work
entirely at strategic points = in industrial processes.

\(1\) Put metal dust or filings, fine sand, ground glass, emery dust
(get it = by pounding up an emery knife sharpener) and similar hard,
gritty substances directly into lubrication systems. They will scour
smooth surfaces, ruining pistons, cylinder walls, shafts, and bearings.
They will overheat and stop motors which will need overhauling, new
parts, and extensive repairs. Such materials, if they are used, should
be introduced into lubrication systems = past any filters which
otherwise would strain them out.

\(2\) You can cause wear on any machine by uncovering a filter system,
poking= a pencil or any other sharp object through the filter mesh, then
covering it = up again. Or, if you can dispose of it quickly, simply
remove the filter.

\(3\) If you cannot get at the lubrication system or filter directly,
you may= be able to lessen the effectiveness of oil by diluting it in
storage. In this case, almost any liquid will do which will thin the
oil. A small amount of sulphuric acid, varnish, water-glass, or linseed
oil will be especially effective.

\(4\) Using a thin oil where a heavy oil is prescribed will break down a
mach= ine or heat up a moving shaft so that it will
=E2=80=9Cfreeze=E2=80=9D and stop= .

\(5\) Put any clogging substance into lubrication systems or, if it will
floa= t, into stored oil. Twisted combings of human hair, pieces of
string, dead insects, and many other common objects will be effective in
stopping or hindering the flow of oil through feed lines and filters.

\(6\) Under some circumstances, you may be able to destroy oil outright
rathe= r than interfere with its effectiveness, by removing stop-plugs
from lubricat= ing systems or by puncturing the drums and cans in which
it is stored.

\(c\) Cooling Systems (1.) A water cooling system can be put out of
commissio= n in a fairly short time, with considerable damage to an
engine or motor, if you= put into it several pinches of hard grain, such
as rice or wheat. They will swe= ll up and choke the circulation of
water, and the cooling system will have to = be torn down to remove the
obstruction. Sawdust or hair may also be used to cl= og a water cooling
system.

\(2\) If very cold water is quickly introduced into the cooling system
of an overheated motor, contraction and considerable strain on the
engine housing will result. If you can repeat the treatment a few times,
cracking and seri= ous damage will result.

\(3\) You can ruin the effectiveness of an air cooling system by
plugging dir= t and waste into intake or exhaust valves. If a belt-run
fan is used in the system, make a jagged cut at least half way through
the belt; it will slip = and finally part under strain and the motor
will overheat.

\(d\) Gasoline and Oil Fuel Tanks and fueling engines usually are
accessible = and easy to open. They afford a very vulnerable target for
simple sabotage activities. (1.) Put several pinches of sawdust or hard
grain, such as rice= or wheat, into the fuel tank of a gasoline engine.
The particles will choke a = feed line so that the engine will stop.
Some time will be required to discover t= he source of the trouble.
Although they will be hard to get, crumbs of natural rubber, such as you
might find in old rubber bands and pencil erasers, are = also effective.

\(2\) If you can accumulate sugar, put it in the fuel tank of a gasoline
engi= ne. As it burns together with the gasoline, it will turn into a
sticky mess whi= ch will completely mire the engine and necessitate
extensive cleaning and repa= ir. Honey and molasses are as good as
sugar. Try to use about 75=E2=80=93100 gr= ams for each 10 gallons of
gasoline.

\(3\) Other impurities which you can introduce into gasoline will cause
rapid engine wear and eventual breakdown. Fine particles of pumice,
sand, ground glass, and metal dust can easily be introduced into a
gasoline tank. Be sur= e that the particles are very fine, so that they
will be able to pass through= the carburetor jet.

\(4\) Water, urine, wine, or any other simple liquid you can get in
reasonabl= y large quantities will dilute gasoline fuel to a point where
no combustion w= ill occur in the cylinder and the engine will not move.
One pint to 20 gallons = of gasoline is sufficient. If salt water is
used, it will cause corrosion and permanent motor damage.

\(5\) In the case of Diesel engines, put low flashpoint oil into the
fuel tan= k; the engine will not move. If there already is proper oil in
the tank when t= he wrong kind is added, the engine will only limp and
sputter along.

\(6\) Fuel lines to gasoline and oil engines frequently pass over the
exhaust pipe. When the machine is at rest, you can stab a small hole in
the fuel li= ne and plug the hole with wax. As the engine runs and the
exhaust tube becomes hot, the wax will be melted; fuel will drip onto
the exhaust and a blaze wi= ll start.

\(7\) If you have access to a room where gasoline is stored, remember
that ga= s vapor accumulating in a closed room will explode after a time
if you leave = a candle burning in the room. A good deal of evaporation,
however, must occur from the gasoline tins into the air of the room. If
removal of the tops of = the tins does not expose enough gasoline to the
air to ensure copious evaporati= on, you can open lightly constructed
tins further with a knife, ice pick or sharpened nail file. Or puncture
a tiny hole in the tank which will permit gasoline to leak out on the
floor. This will greatly increase the rate of evaporation. Before you
light your candle, be sure that windows are closed = and the room is as
air-tight as you can make it. If you can see that windows in= a
neighboring room are opened wide, you have a chance of setting a large
fire which will not only destroy the gasoline but anything else nearby;
when the gasoline explodes, the doors of the storage room will be blown
open, a draf= t to the neighboring windows will be created which will
whip up a fine conflagration.

\(e\) Electric Motors Electric motors (including dynamos) are more
restricted than the targets so far discussed. They cannot be sabotaged
easily or witho= ut risk of injury by unskilled persons who may
otherwise have good opportuniti= es for destruction.

\(1\) Set the rheostat to a high point of resistance in all types of
electric motors. They will overheat and catch fire.

\(2\) Adjust the overload relay to a very high value beyond the capacity
of t= he motor. Then overload the motor to a point where it will
overheat and break down.

\(3\) Remember that dust, dirt, and moisture are enemies of electrical
equipm= ent. Spill dust and dirt onto the points where the wires in
electric motors conn= ect with terminals, and onto insulating parts.
Inefficient transmission of curr= ent and, in some cases, short circuits
will result. Wet generator motors to pro= duce short circuits.

\(4\) =E2=80=9CAccidentally=E2=80=9D bruise the insulation on wire,
loosen nu= ts on connections, make faulty splices and faulty connections
in wiring, to waste electric current and reduce the power of electric
motors, the power output = or cause short circuiting in direct-current
motors: Loosen or remove commutato= r holding rings. Sprinkle carbon,
graphite, or metal dust on commutators. Put= a little grease or oil at
the contact points of commutators. Where commutator bars are close
together bridge the gaps between them with metal dust, or sawtooth their
edges with a chisel so that the teeth on adjoining bars meet= or nearly
meet and current can pass from one to the other.

\(6\) Put a piece of finely grained emery paper half the size of a
postage st= amp in a place where it will wear away rotating brushes. The
emery paper and th= e motor will be destroyed in the resulting fire.

\(7\) Sprinkle carbon, graphite or metal dust on slip-rings so that the
curre= nt will leak or short circuits will occur. When a motor is idle,
nick the slip-rings with a chisel.

\(8\) Cause motor stoppage or inefficiency by applying dust mixed with
grease= to the face of the armature so that it will not make proper
contact.

\(9\) To overheat electric motors, mix sand with heavy grease and smear
it between the stator and rotor, or wedge thin metal pieces between
them. To prevent the efficient generation of current, put floor
sweepings, oil, tar,= or paint between them.

\(10\) In motors using three-phase current, deeply nick one of the
lead-in wi= res with a knife or file when the machine is at rest, or
replace one of the thr= ee fuses with a blown-out fuse. In the first
case, the motor will stop after running awhile, and in the second, it
will not start.

\(f\) Transformers

\(1\) Transformers of the oil-filled type can be put out of commission
if you pour water, salt water, machine-tool coolant, or kerosene into
the oil tank= .

\(2\) In air-cooled transformers, block the ventilation by piling debris
arou= nd the transformer.

\(3\) In all types of transformers, throw carbon, graphite or metal dust
over= the outside bushings and other exposed electrical parts.

\(g\) Turbines for the most part are heavily built, stoutly housed, and
diffi= cult of access. Their vulnerability to simple sabotage is very
low.

\(1\) After inspecting or repairing a hydro turbine, fasten the cover
insecur= ely so that it will blow off and flood the plant with water. A
loose cover on a steam turbine will cause it to leak and slow down.

\(2\) In water turbines, insert a large piece of scrap iron in the head
of th= e penstock, just beyond the screening, so that water will carry
the damaging material down to the plant equipment.

\(3\) When the steam line to a turbine is opened for repair, put pieces
of sc= rap iron into it, to be blasted into the turbine machinery when
steam is up aga= in.

\(4\) Create a leak in the line feeding oil to the turbine, so that oil
will = fall on the hot steam pipe and cause a fire.

\(h\) Boilers

\(1\) Reduce the efficiency of steam boilers any way you can. Put too
much wa= ter in them to make them slow-starting, or keep the fire under
them low to keep them inefficient. Let them dry and turn the fire up;
they will crack and be ruined. An especially good trick is to keep
putting limestone or water containing lime in the boiler; it will
deposit lime on the bottom and sides= . This deposit will provide very
good insulation against heat; after enough o= f it has collected, the
boiler will be completely worthless.

\(3\) *Production. Metals*

\(a\) Iron and Steel

\(1\) Keep blast furnaces in a condition where they must be frequently
shut d= own for repair. In making fire-proof bricks for the inner lining
of blast furna= ces, put in an extra proportion of tar so that they will
wear out quickly and necessitate constant re-lining.

\(2\) Make cores for casting so that they are filled with air bubbles
and an imperfect cast results.

\(3\) See that the core in a mold is not properly supported, so that the
core gives way or the casting is spoiled because of the incorrect
position of th= e core.

\(4\) In tempering steel or iron, apply too much heat, so that the
resulting = bars and ingots are of poor quality.

\(b\) Other Metals

No suggestions available.

\(4\) *Production: Mining and Mineral Extraction*

\(a\) Coal

\(1\) A slight blow against your Davy oil lamp will extinguish it, and
to lig= ht it again you will have to find a place where there is no fire
damp. Take a = long time looking for the place.

\(2\) Blacksmiths who make pneumatic picks should not harden them
properly, s= o that they will quickly grow dull.

\(3\) You can easily put your pneumatic pick out of order. Pour a small
amoun= t of water through the oil lever and your pick will stop working.
Coal dust and improper lubrication will also put it out of order.

\(4\) Weaken the chain that pulls the bucket conveyers carrying coal. A
deep = dent in the chain made with blows of a pick or shovel will cause
it to part unde= r normal strain. Once a chain breaks, normally or
otherwise take your time ab= out reporting the damage; be slow about
taking the chain up for repairs and bringing it back down after repairs.

\(5\) Derail mine cars by putting obstructions on the rails and in
switch poi= nts. If possible, pick a gallery where coal cars have to
pass each other, so tha= t traffic will be snarled up.

\(6\) Send up quantities of rock and other useless material with the
coal.

\(5\) *Production: Agriculture*

\(a\) Machinery

\(1\) See par. 5 b. (2) (c), (d), (e).

\(b\) Crops and livestock probably will be destroyed only in areas where
ther= e are large food surpluses or where the enemy (regime) is known to
be requisitioning food.

(1.) Feed crops to livestock. Let crops harvest too early or too late.
Spoi= l stores of grain, fruit and vegetables by soaking them in water
so that they will rot. Spoil fruit and vegetables by leaving them in the
sun.

\(6\) *Transportation: Railways*

\(a\) Passengers

(1.) Make train travel as inconvenient as possible for enemy personnel.
Mak= e mistakes in issuing train tickets, leaving portions of the
journey uncovere= d by the ticket book; issue two tickets for the same
seat in the train, so that = an interesting argument will result; near
train time, instead of issuing print= ed tickets write them out slowly
by hand, prolonging the process until the tra= in is nearly ready to
leave or has left the station. On station bulletin board= s announcing
train arrivals and departures, see that false and misleading information
is given about trains bound for enemy destinations.

\(2\) In trains bound for enemy destinations, attendants should make
life as uncomfortable as possible for passengers. See that the food is
especially b= ad, take up tickets after midnight, call all station stops
very loudly during t= he night, handle baggage as noisily as possible
during the night, and so on.

\(3\) See that the luggage of enemy personnel is mislaid or unloaded at
the w= rong stations.

Switch address labels on enemy baggage.

\(4\) Engineers should see that trains run slow or make unscheduled
stops for plausible reasons.

\(b\) Switches, Signals and Routing

\(1\) Exchange wires in switchboards containing signals and switches, so
that they connect to the wrong terminals.

\(2\) Loosen push-rods so that signal arms do not work; break signal
lights; exchange the colored lenses on red and green lights.

\(3\) Spread and spike switch points in the track so that they will not
move,= or place rocks or close-packed dirt between the switch points.

\(4\) Sprinkle rock salt or ordinary salt profusely over the electrical
connections of switch points and on the ground nearby. When it rains,
the switch will be short-circuited.

\(5\) See that cars are put on the wrong trains. Remove the labels from
cars needing repair and put them on cars in good order. Leave couplings
between = cars as loose as possible.

\(c\) Road-beds and Open Track

\(1\) On a curve, take the bolts out of the tie-plates connecting to
sections= of the outside rail, and scoop away the gravel, cinders, or
dirt for a few fee= t on each side of the connecting joint.

\(2\) If by disconnecting the tie-plate at a joint and loosening sleeper
nail= s on each side of the joint, it becomes possible to move a
sections of rail, spr= ead two sections of rail and drive a spike
vertically between them.

\(d\) Oil and Lubrication

\(1\) See 5 b. (2) (b).

\(2\) Squeeze lubricating pipes with pincers or dent them with hammers,
so th= at the flow of oil is obstructed.

\(e\) Cooling Systems

\(1\) See 5 b (2) (c).

\(f\) Gasoline and Oil Fuel

\(1\) See 5 b (2) (d).

\(g\) Electric Motors

\(1\) See 5 b (2) (e) and (f).

\(h\) Boilers

\(1\) See 5 b (2) (h).

\(2\) After inspection put heavy oil or tar in the engines=E2=80=99
boilers, = or put half a kilogram of soft soap into the water in the
tender.

\(i\) Brakes and Miscellaneous

\(1\) Engines should run at high speeds and use brakes excessively at
curves = and on downhill grades.

\(2\) Punch holes in air-brake valves or water supply pipes.

\(3\) In the last car of a passenger train or or a front car of a
freight, re= move the wadding from a journal box and replace it with
oily rags.

\(7\) *Transportation: Automotive*

\(a\) Roads. Damage to roads \[(3) below\] is slow, and therefore
impractical a= s a D-day or near D-day activity.

\(1\) Change sign posts at intersections and forks; the enemy will go
the wro= ng way and it may be miles before he discovers his mistakes.

In areas where traffic is composed primarily of enemy autos, trucks, and
mo= tor convoys of various kinds remove danger signals from curves and
intersection= s.

\(2\) When the enemy asks for directions, give him wrong information.
Especia= lly when enemy convoys are in the neighborhood, truck drivers
can spread rumors= and give false information about bridges being out,
ferries closed, and detours lying ahead.

\(3\) If you can start damage to a heavily traveled road, passing
traffic and= the elements will do the rest. Construction gangs can see
that too much sand or water is put in concrete or that the road
foundation has soft spots. Anyone= can scoop ruts in asphalt and macadam
roads which turn soft in hot weather; pas= sing trucks will accentuate
the ruts to a point where substantial repair will be needed. Dirt roads
also can be scooped out. If you are a road laborer, it w= ill be only a
few minutes work to divert a small stream from a sluice so that i= t
runs over and eats away the road.

\(4\) Distribute broken glass, nails, and sharp rocks on roads to
puncture ti= res.

\(b\) Passengers

\(1\) Bus-driver can go past the stop where the enemy wants to get off.
Taxi drivers can waste the enemy=E2=80=99s time and make extra money by
driving = the longest possible route to his destination.

\(c\) Oil and Lubrication

\(1\) See 5 b. (2) (b).

\(2\) Disconnect the oil pump; this will burn out the main bearings in
less t= han 50 miles of normal driving.

\(d\) Radiator

\(1\) See 5 b. (2) (c).

\(e\) Fuel

\(1\) See 5 b. (2) (d).

\(f\) Battery and Ignition

\(1\) Jam bits of wood into the ignition lock; loosen or exchange
connections behind the switchboard; put dirt in spark plugs; damage
distributor points.

\(2\) Turn on the lights in parked cars so that the battery will run
down.

\(3\) Mechanics can ruin batteries in a number of undetectable ways:
Take the valve cap off a cell, and drive a screw driver slantwise into
the exposed w= ater vent, shattering the plates of the cell; no damage
will show when you put t= he cap back on. Iron or copper filings put
into the cells i.e., dropped into t= he acid, will greatly shorten its
life. Copper coins or a few pieces of iron w= ill accomplish the same
and more slowly.

One hundred to 150 cubic centimeters of vinegar in each cell greatly
reduce= s the life of the battery, but the odor of the vinegar may
reveal what has happened.

\(g\) Gears

\(1\) Remove the lubricant from or put too light a lubricant in the
transmiss= ion and other gears.

\(2\) In trucks, tractors, and other machines with heavy gears, fix the
gear = case insecurely, putting bolts in only half the bolt holes. The
gears will be ba= dly jolted in use and will soon need repairs.

\(h\) Tires

\(1\) Slash or puncture tires of unguarded vehicles. Put a nail inside a
matc= h box or other small box, and set it vertically in front of the
back tire of = a stationary car; when the car starts off, the nail will
go neatly through th= e tire.

\(2\) It is easy to damage a tire in a tire repair shop: In fixing
flats, spi= ll glass, benzine, caustic soda, or other material inside
the casing which wil= l puncture or corrode the tube. If you put a gummy
substance inside the tube,= the next flat will stick the tube to the
casing and make it unusable. Or, when = you fix a flat tire, you can
simply leave between the tube and the casing the object which caused the
flat in the first place.

\(3\) In assembling a tire after repair, pump the tube up as fast as you
can. Instead of filling out smoothly, it may crease, in which case it
will wear = out quickly. Or, as you put a tire together, see if you can
pinch the tube betw= een the rim of the tire and the rim of the wheel,
so that a blow-out will resul= t.

\(4\) In putting air into tires, see that they are kept below normal
pressure= , so that more than an ordinary amount of wear will result. In
filling tires on double wheels, inflate the inner tire to a much higher
pressure than the ou= ter one; both will wear out more quickly this way.
Badly aligned wheels also we= ar tires out quickly; you can leave wheels
out of alignment when they come in = for adjustment, or you can spring
them out of true with a strong kick, or by driving the car slowly and
diagonally into a curb.

\(5\) If you have access to stocks of tires, you can rot them by
spilling oil= , gasoline, caustic acid, or benzine on them. Synthetic
rubber, however, is l= ess susceptible to these chemicals.

\(8\) *Transportation: Water*

\(a\) Navigation

\(1\) Barge and river boat personnel should spread false rumors about
the navigability and conditions of the waterways they travel. Tell other
barge = and boat captains to follow channels that will take extra time,
or cause them t= o make canal detours.

\(2\) Barge and river boat captains should navigate with exceeding
caution ne= ar locks and bridges, to waste their time and to waste the
time of other craft which may have to wait on them. If you don=E2=80=99t
pump the bilges of shi= ps and barges often enough, they will be slower
and harder to navigate. Barges =E2=80=9Caccidentally=E2=80=9D run
aground are an efficient time waster too= .

\(3\) Attendants on swing, draw, or bascule bridges can delay traffic
over th= e bridge or in the waterway underneath by being slow. Boat
captains can leave unattended draw bridges open in order to hold up road
traffic.

\(4\) Add or subtract compensating magnets to the compass on cargo
ships. Demagnetize the compass or maladjust it by concealing a large bar
of steel = or iron near to it.

\(b\) Cargo

\(1\) While loading or unloading, handle cargo carelessly in order to
cause damage. Arrange the cargo so that the weakest and lightest crates
and boxes will be at the bottom of the hold, while the heaviest ones are
on top of th= em.

Put hatch covers and tarpaulins on sloppily, so that rain and deck wash
wil= l injure the cargo.

Tie float valves open so that storage tanks will overflow on perishable
goo= ds.

\(9\) *Communications*

\(a\) Telephone

\(1\) At office, hotel and exchange switch boards delay putting enemy
calls through, give them wrong numbers, cut them off
=E2=80=9Caccidentally,=E2=80= =9D or forget to disconnect them so that
the line cannot be used again.

\(2\) Hamper official and especially military business by making at
least one telephone call a day to an enemy headquarters; when you get
them, tell them= you have the wrong number.

Call military or police offices and make anonymous false reports of
fires, = air raids, bombs.

\(3\) In offices and buildings used by the enemy, unscrew the earphone
of telephone receivers and remove the diaphragm. Electricians and
telephone re= pair men can make poor connections and damage insulation
so that cross talk and other kinds of electrical interference will make
conversations hard or impossible to understand.

\(4\) Put the batteries under automatic switchboards out of commission
by dropping nails, metal filings, or coins into the cells. If you can
treat ha= lf the batteries in this way, the switchboard will stop
working. A whole telep= hone system can be disrupted if you can put 10
percent of the cells in half the batteries of the central battery room
out of order.

\(b\) Telegraph

\(1\) Delay the transmission and delivery of telegrams to enemy
destinations.

\(2\) Garble telegrams to enemy destinations so that another telegram
will ha= ve to be sent or a long distance call will have to be made.
Sometimes it will = be possible to do this by changing a single letter
in a word=E2=80=94for examp= le, changing =E2=80=9Cminimum=E2=80=9D to
=E2=80=9Cmiximum,=E2=80=9D so that th= e person receiving the telegram
will not know whether =E2=80=9Cminimum=E2=80=9D or
=E2=80=9Cmaximum=E2=80=9D is meant.

\(c\) Transportation Lines

\(1\) Cut telephone and telegraph transmission lines. Damage insulation
on po= wer lines to cause interference.

\(d\) Mail

\(1\) Post office employees can see to it that enemy mail is always
delayed b= y one day or more, that it is put in wrong sacks, and so on.

\(e\) Motion Pictures

\(1\) Projector operators can ruin newsreels and other enemy propaganda
films= by bad focusing, speeding up or slowing down the film and by
causing frequent breakage in the film.

\(2\) Audiences can ruin enemy propaganda films by applauding to drown
the wo= rds of the speaker, by coughing loudly, and by talking.

\(3\) Anyone can break up a showing of an enemy propaganda film by
putting tw= o or three dozen large moths in a paper bag. Take the bag to
the movies with you= , put it on the floor in an empty section of the
theater as you go in and lea= ve it open. The moths will fly out and
climb into the projector beam, so that = the film will be obscured by
fluttering shadows.

\(f\) Radio

\(1\) Station engineers will find it quite easy to overmodulate
transmissions= of talks by persons giving enemy propaganda or
instructions, so that they will sound as if they were talking through a
heavy cotton blanket with a mouth f= ull of marbles.

\(2\) In your own apartment building, you can interfere with radio
reception = at times when the enemy wants everybody to listen. Take an
electric light plug= off the end of an electric light cord; take some
wire out of the cord and tie i= t across two terminals of a two-prong
plug or three terminals of a four-prong plug. Then take it around and
put it into as many wall and floor outlets as= you can find. Each time
you insert the plug into a new circuit, you will blow o= ut a fuse and
silence all radios running on power from that circuit until a new = fuse
is put in.

\(3\) Damaging insulation on any electrical equipment tends to create
radio interference in the immediate neighborhood, particularly on large
generator= s, neon signs, fluorescent lighting, X-ray machines, and
power lines. If workm= en can damage insulation on a high tension line
near an enemy airfield, they w= ill make ground-to-plane radio
communications difficult and perhaps impossible during long periods of
the day.

\(10\) *Electric Power*

\(a\) Turbines, Electric Motors, Transformers

\(1\) See 5 b. (2) (e), (f),and (g).

\(b\) Transmission Lines

(1.) Linesmen can loosen and dirty insulators to cause power leakage. It
wi= ll be quite easy, too, for them to tie a piece of very heavy string
several ti= mes back and forth between two parallel transmission lines,
winding it several turns around the wire each time. Beforehand, the
string should be heavily saturated with salt and then dried. When it
rains, the string becomes a conductor, and a short-circuit will result.

\(11\) *General Interference with Organizations and Production*

\(a\) Organizations and Conferences (1) Insist on doing everything
through =E2=80=9Cchannels.=E2=80=9D Never permit short-cuts to be taken
in order to expedite decisions.

\(2\) Make =E2=80=9Cspeeches.=E2=80=9D Talk as frequently as possible
and at = great length. Illustrate your =E2=80=9Cpoints=E2=80=9D by long
anecdotes and acco= unts of personal experiences. Never hesitate to make
a few appropriate =E2=80=9Cpatriotic=E2=80=9D comments.

\(3\) When possible, refer all matters to committees, for
=E2=80=9Cfurther st= udy and consideration.=E2=80=9D Attempt to make the
committees as large as possible=E2=80=94never less than five.

\(4\) Bring up irrelevant issues as frequently as possible.

\(5\) Haggle over precise wordings of communications, minutes,
resolutions.

\(6\) Refer back to matters decided upon at the last meeting and attempt
to re-open the question of the advisability of that decision.

\(7\) Advocate =E2=80=9Ccaution.=E2=80=9D Be
=E2=80=9Creasonable=E2=80=9D and= urge your fellow-conferees to be
=E2=80=9Creasonable=E2=80=9D and avoid haste which m= ight result in
embarrassments or difficulties later on.

\(8\) Be worried about the propriety of any decision=E2=80=94raise the
questi= on of whether such action as is contemplated lies within the
jurisdiction of the group or whether it might conflict with the policy
of some higher echelon.

\(b\) Managers and Supervisors

\(1\) Demand written orders.

\(2\) =E2=80=9CMisunderstand=E2=80=9D orders. Ask endless questions or
engage= in long correspondence about such orders. Quibble over them when
you can.

\(3\) Do everything possible to delay the delivery of orders. Even
though par= ts of an order may be ready beforehand, don=E2=80=99t
deliver it until it is completely ready.

\(4\) Don=E2=80=99t order new working materials until your current
stocks hav= e been virtually exhausted, so that the slightest delay in
filling your order will mean a shutdown.

\(5\) Order high-quality materials which are hard to get. If you
don=E2=80=99= t get them argue about it. Warn that inferior materials
will mean inferior work.

\(6\) In making work assignments, always sign out the unimportant jobs
first.= See that the important jobs are assigned to inefficient workers
of poor machine= s.

\(7\) Insist on perfect work in relatively unimportant products; send
back fo= r refinishing those which have the least flaw. Approve other
defective parts whose flaws are not visible to the naked eye.

\(8\) Make mistakes in routing so that parts and materials will be sent
to th= e wrong place in the plant.

\(9\) When training new workers, give incomplete or misleading
instructions.

\(10\) To lower morale and with it, production, be pleasant to
inefficient workers; give them undeserved promotions. Discriminate
against efficient workers; complain unjustly about their work.

\(11\) Hold conferences when there is more critical work to be done.

\(12\) Multiply paper work in plausible ways.

Start duplicate files.

\(13\) Multiply the procedures and clearances involved in issuing
instruction= s, pay checks, and so on. See that three people have to
approve everything whe= re one would do.

\(14\) Apply all regulations to the last letter.

\(c\) Office Workers

\(1\) Make mistakes in quantities of material when you are copying
orders. Confuse similar names. Use wrong addresses.

\(2\) Prolong correspondence with government bureaus.

\(3\) Misfile essential documents.

\(4\) In making carbon copies, make one too few, so that an extra
copying job will have to be done.

\(5\) Tell important callers the boss is busy or talking on another
telephone= .

\(6\) Hold up mail until the next collection.

\(7\) Spread disturbing rumors that sound like inside dope.

\(d\) Employees

\(1\) *Work slowly*. Think out ways to increase the number of movements
necessary on your job: use a light hammer instead of a heavy one, try to
ma= ke a small wrench do when a big one is necessary, use little force
where considerable force is needed, and so on.

\(2\) Contrive as many interruptions to your work as you can: when
changing t= he material on which you are working, as you would on a
lathe or punch, take needless time to do it. If you are cutting, shaping
or doing other measured work, measure dimensions twice as often as you
need to. When you go to the lavatory, spend a longer time there than is
necessary.

Forget tools so that you will have to go back after them.

\(3\) Even if you understand the language, pretend not to understand
instructions in a foreign tongue.

\(4\) Pretend that instructions are hard to understand, and ask to have
them repeated more than once. Or pretend that you are particularly
anxious to do your work, and pester the foreman with unnecessary
questions.

\(5\) Do your work poorly and blame it on bad tools, machinery, or
equipment. Complain that these things are preventing you from doing your
job right.

\(6\) Never pass on your skill and experience to a new or less skillful
worke= r.

\(7\) Snarl up administration in every possible way. Fill out forms
illegibly= so that they will have to be done over; make mistakes or omit
requested information in forms.

\(8\) If possible, join or help organize a group for presenting employee
prob= lems to the management. See that the procedures adopted are as
inconvenient as possible for the management, involving the presence of a
large number of employees at each presentation, entailing more than one
meeting for each grievance, bringing up problems which are largely
imaginary, and so on.

\(9\) Misroute materials.

\(10\) Mix good parts with unusable scrap and rejected parts.

\(12\) *General Devices for Lowering Morale and Creating Confusion*

\(a\) Give lengthy and incomprehensible explanations when questioned.

\(b\) Report imaginary spies or danger to the Gestapo or police.

\(c\) Act stupid.

\(d\) Be as irritable and quarrelsome as possible without getting
yourself in= to trouble.

\(e\) Misunderstand all sorts of regulations concerning such matters as
rationing, transportation, traffic regulations.

\(f\) Complain against ersatz materials.

\(g\) In public treat axis nationals or quislings coldly.

\(h\) Stop all conversation when axis nationals or quislings enter a
cafe.

Cry and sob hysterically at every occasion, especially when
confronted by government clerks.

Boycott all movies, entertainments, concerts, newspapers which are
in any way connected with the quisling authorities.

Do not cooperate in salvage schemes.